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عمومی::
پارادایم خطمشی، پارادایم های خط مشی
Although Hall was eminently interested in building a neoinstitutional
theory of change, his notion of policy paradigm and the accompanying reference
to social learning made a lasting contribution to the family tree (Hall, 1993).،25 Policy paradigms and the formulation process 433
Delving deeper into the politics of policy formulation, Part VII includes a discussion of policy paradigms and the political economy that inform and influence the nature of formulation activities including the kinds of ideas and beliefs that shape policy alterna- tives and considerations and determinations of their acceptability or political as well as technical 'feasibility'.
Background Foreground Level of ideas affected Normative (Value) Cognitive (Causal) Public sentiments Policy paradigms Symbolic frames Programme ideas
On the other hand, policy paradigms indicate 'a set of cognitive background assumptions that constrain action by limiting the range of alternatives that policy-making elites are likely to perceive as useful and worth considering' (Campbell, 2002, p. 35; see also Surel, 2000).
Programme ideas similarly represent a selection of par- ticular solutions from the set of options that are designated as being appropriate within a prevailing policy paradigm.
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